Vanadium Pentoxide Flake (V₂O₅ 98%) & Ferrovanadium (FeV80)

V₂O₅ flake for ferrovanadium, chemicals and flow-battery electrolyte, and FeV80 for HSLA rebar, plate and pipe, from South African and Brazilian primary producers

Vanadium is a steel metal first. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 puts 2025 world production at about 110,000 MT of contained vanadium and its end uses at steel 85%, chemicals and catalysts 6%, titanium alloys 5% and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) 2%, and it estimates China at 82,000 MT, Brazil at 5,300 MT and South Africa at 5,000 MT. The primary product is vanadium pentoxide flake, V₂O₅ at 98% minimum, sold on its impurity sheet: silicon 0.25%, iron 0.60%, sulphur 0.03%, phosphorus 0.05% and arsenic 0.02% maximum with alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O) held at 1.5% maximum for metallurgical use and much tighter for chemical and battery grades; flake rather than powder is what ferrovanadium converters want, for its density and low loss on ignition. Ferrovanadium FeV80 is the 78–82% V grade to GB/T 4139 and ASTM A102, with aluminium 1.5%, silicon 2.0% and carbon 0.15% maximum, and it is priced per kilogram of contained vanadium; FeV50 and FeV60 exist for mills that prefer a lower-grade addition. The demand pull is high-strength low-alloy steel, above all rebar: China's GB/T 1499.2-2018 rebar standard added HRB600 and the seismic E grades, a Vanitec survey found 89% of surveyed mills micro-alloying with vanadium within four months, and CRU's February 2025 analysis of the September 2024 tightening of that standard projected up to 20% added Chinese consumption through 2026. On the primary side, Largo's Maracás Menchen mine in Bahia, Brazil, reported 9,150 MT of V₂O₅ for 2025 and Glencore's Rhovan facility at Brits, South Africa, 8,200 MT; Bushveld Minerals' Vametco and Vanchem plants in South Africa have run at reduced rates since 2025. US import data in the same USGS summary show where non-Chinese oxide goes: 47% of US vanadium pentoxide imports from Brazil and 43% from South Africa, and 50% of ferrovanadium from Canada and 35% from Austria, the converters that turn oxide into FeV.

The buyers are long-product and plate mills adding FeV at the ladle, ferrovanadium converters and vanadium-aluminium master alloy makers buying flake, sulphuric acid and maleic anhydride catalyst producers buying chemical-grade oxide, and VRFB electrolyte plants buying high-purity V₂O₅ for vanadyl sulphate electrolyte at 1.5–2.0 mol/L; the grid-scale flow-battery market is small in tonnage today but is the fastest-growing use, with a 200 MW / 1,000 MWh station commissioned in China in May 2025. CBIL is a commodity brokerage company and brokers V₂O₅ flake and ferrovanadium from South African and Brazilian primary producer and European converter and trader allocations, against the producer's certificate of analysis per lot and SGS, Alfred H Knight or Bureau Veritas sampling and assay of V₂O₅ (or V), Si, Fe, S, P, As, alkalis and sizing at loading. V₂O₅ is a toxic solid and ships as UN 2862 Class 6.1 (packing group III) in UN-approved steel drums or lined bags; ferrovanadium is not classified for transport and moves in 250 kg drums or 1 MT big bags, 10–50 mm lump, 20–24 MT per 20-foot container, on FOB, CFR and CIF terms; Chinese-origin vanadium is worked only with the exporter's export documentation in order. Fastmarkets' V₂O₅ flake and ferrovanadium assessments for Europe, the USA and China are the reference points for term formulas. Send the grade (flake or FeV80), your impurity ceilings, sizing, monthly tonnage and discharge port, and the enquiry is worked against current producer and warehouse positions.

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Excluded origins are not offered, including product re-exported, blended or re-processed through a third country. Every lot moves with a certificate of origin naming the producing plant, mine or grower country, and nothing is quoted before the seller and loading point are known.