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Industrial Plant Feedstocks·COA Laycan Fixtures

Paints & Coatings Raw Materials Hub

TiO₂, carbon black, iron oxides, extenders, solvents, plasticisers, glycols and resins for paint plants

A paint plant buys one high-cost white pigment and a long tail of extenders, binders and solvents around it. Titanium dioxide is the single highest-volume pigment in coatings and about 31% of all pigment tonnage used as coatings raw materials (American Coatings Association); world TiO₂ pigment consumption passed 7.8 million tonnes in 2025 with paints and coatings taking more than half (Fibre2Fashion / AlChemPro). Raw materials are more than half of a coatings maker's operating cost (IMARC), so the prime pigment is stretched with calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin and barytes at 0.4 to 4 parts extender per part of hiding pigment in white and light-tint house paints, and the film is built from acrylic, vinyl-acetate or epoxy binders carried in water, xylene, toluene or glycol ethers. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations under HS 3206.11 (TiO₂ pigments, 80% or more TiO₂) total USD 9.1 billion and about 3.5 million tonnes across 88 reporters.

CBIL is a commodity brokerage company and brokers this basket from pigment plants, mineral grinders, aromatics units and resin makers in China, India, Europe, the USA, South Korea and Southeast Asia to paint factories in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and Latin America. Every lot ships against the producer's certificate of analysis to the grade standard named on the order (ASTM D476 for TiO₂, ASTM D561 for carbon black, ISO 1248 for iron oxides, ISO 3262 for extenders, ASTM D843 and D841 for xylene and toluene), with SGS, Intertek or Bureau Veritas sampling at load where the buyer asks. Pigments and extenders move palletised in 25 kg bags or 1 MT big bags in 20-ft containers, solvents and glycols in ISO tanks or parcel-tanker lots, and resins in drums, IBCs or flexitanks; LaycanDesk fixes the tanker parcels and any breakbulk mineral lots.

Procurement & Freight Structure

Dual-loop execution: physical commodity brokerage + ocean charterparty.

Annual Plant VolumeConfirmed per plant; raw materials are more than half of a paint maker's operating cost
Physical Commodity Fee$1.00 – $2.50 / MT
LaycanDesk Ocean Brokerage1.25% on gross ocean freight
Primary Vessel ClassesContainer liner (20-ft dry for bagged pigments and extenders; 40-ft for drums and IBCs)
Standard CharterpartyLiner bill of lading (containerised pigments, extenders, resins)
Laycan Nomination WindowLiner cut-off windows for boxes; 5 to 7 day laycan for parcel-tanker lots
Strategic Advantage

One desk for the pigment, the extender basket and the solvent parcel, with LaycanDesk fixing the ISO-tank and parcel-tanker legs so the grind, let-down and thinning inventories arrive together.

Technical Specification Matrix

Procured Feedstocks & Maritime Profiles

Each raw material is contracted on chemical purity, physical particle sizing, and mandatory IMO/IMSBC code stowage factors to prevent liquefaction or contamination.

FeedstockGrade & Purity SpecForm / CarriageIMSBC CodeStowage FactorTypical ParcelLinks
Titanium Dioxide Pigment (Rutile & Anatase)TiO₂ASTM D476 Type II rutile ≥ 92% TiO₂; Type III/IV ≥ 80% TiO₂ (surface-treated); Type I anataseDry white powder, chloride or sulphate processGroup C
Containerised – per pack
(Containerised – per pack)
20 – 22 MT per 20-ft container (25 kg bags / 1 MT big bags, palletised)Spec →Ship →
Pigment Carbon BlackCASTM D561 paint-grade carbon black; jetness to DIN 55979Powder or beaded black; fine primary particle for high jetnessGroup C
Containerised – per pack
(Containerised – per pack)
8 – 12 MT per 20-ft container (bags on pallets) – confirmed per grade and packSpec →Ship →
Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments (Red, Yellow, Black)Fe₂O₃ / FeOOH / Fe₃O₄ISO 1248; red 130-type Fe₂O₃ ≥ 96%Dry micronised powderGroup C
16 cu.ft/MT (bulk) · 47 cu.ft/MT (drums)
(0.45 m³/t (bulk) · 1.34 m³/t (drums))
20 – 24 MT per 20-ft container (25 kg bags / 1 MT big bags)Spec →Ship →
Extenders: Ground Calcium Carbonate, Talc, Kaolin & BarytesCaCO₃ / Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ / Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ / BaSO₄ISO 3262 parts 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 · GCC ≥ 98% CaCO₃ · barytes to 98% BaSO₄ · kaolin ≥ 90% kaoliniteDry micronised powders, coated or uncoated; calcined kaolinGroup C
47 cu.ft/MT (precipitated CaCO₃, bagged)
(1.34 m³/t (precipitated CaCO₃, bagged))
24 – 26 MT per 20-ft container (big bags); breakbulk lots by HandysizeSpec →Ship →
Mixed Xylene & Toluene (Coatings Solvents)C₈H₁₀ / C₇H₈ASTM D843 nitration-grade xylene; ASTM D841 toluene ≥ 98.8% wtClear flammable liquids (UN 1307 xylenes, UN 1294 toluene – Class 3)IMO Liquid / Chemical
Liquid – by tank; SG 0.86 – 0.87
(Liquid – by tank; SG 0.86 – 0.87)
1,000 – 5,000 MT parcel-tanker lots; 20 – 24 MT ISO tanksSpec →Ship →
Plasticisers & Glycols (DOP/DOTP, DINP, MEG, PG)C₂₄H₃₈O₄ (DOP) / C₂H₆O₂ (MEG) / C₃H₈O₂ (PG)Per plasticisers-glycols spokes; MEG fibre/industrial grade; PG industrial or USPClear liquids in ISO tanks, flexitanks, IBCs or drumsIMO Liquid / Chemical
Liquid – by tank
(Liquid – by tank)
20 – 24 MT ISO tank; 1,000 – 3,000 MT parcel lotsSpec →Ship →
Binders: Acrylic & VAE Emulsions, Epoxy ResinsEmulsions per spokes; liquid bisphenol-A epoxy EEW 182 – 192 g/eqAqueous dispersions (IBC, drum, flexitank); liquid epoxy (drum, IBC)Group C
Containerised – per pack
(Containerised – per pack)
18 – 22 MT per 20-ft (IBCs/drums); flexitank for emulsionsSpec →Ship →
TiO₂ PigmentIncoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Titanium Dioxide Pigment (Rutile & Anatase)

Rutile grades for exterior and industrial coatings, anatase for interior flat paints and low-cost primers. Classified to ASTM D476 by TiO₂ content and surface treatment; EU-bound Chinese origin carries the anti-dumping duties in force since 11 January 2025, with the investigation reopened on 25 August 2026.

TiO₂ Content (Type II rutile):≥ 92% (ASTM D476)
TiO₂ Content (Type III/IV):≥ 80% (ASTM D476)
Crystal Form:Rutile (Types II–VII) / Anatase (Type I)
EU Duty (China origin):€0.25 – €0.74/kg anti-dumping, from 11 Jan 2025
Standards:ASTM D476; supplier TDS for oil absorption and brightness
Carbon Black (Pigment)Incoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Pigment Carbon Black

Speciality blacks for tinting pastes, black topcoats and primers. ASTM D561 covers solvent extractables, colour and tinting strength, ash, heating loss and sieve residue; jetness rises as primary particle size falls and oil absorption number (OAN) indicates structure and ease of dispersion.

Specification:ASTM D561 (carbon black pigment for paint)
Jetness:Black value per DIN 55979
Structure:OAN per supplier TDS
Tests:Solvent extractables, ash, heating loss, sieve residue
Rubber grades:See rubber-grade carbon black spoke (N-series)
Iron Oxide PigmentsIncoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments (Red, Yellow, Black)

Laux-process and precipitated iron oxides (C.I. Pigment Red 101, Yellow 42, Black 11) for primers, floor paints, roof coatings and tinters. Specified to ISO 1248; a standard red 130-type grade carries Fe₂O₃ 96% min, oil absorption 24–28 g/100 g, density 5.0 g/ml, pH 3–7.

Fe₂O₃ (red 130-type):≥ 96%
Oil Absorption:24 – 28 g/100 g
Density:5.0 g/ml
pH:3 – 7
Standard:ISO 1248:2006
Extender MineralsIncoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Extenders: Ground Calcium Carbonate, Talc, Kaolin & Barytes

The extender basket that stretches TiO₂ and builds film volume. Paint-grade GCC runs 98% CaCO₃ min with 95–96% brightness; talc D50 5–15 µm with 5–8% loss on ignition; calcined kaolin above 90% ISO brightness with 80%+ below 2 µm; white barytes to 98% BaSO₄. Kaolin is on the kaolin-and-ball-clay spoke and barytes on the barite spoke; talc has no page yet and is quoted on request.

GCC:≥ 98% CaCO₃ · brightness 95 – 96% · moisture ≤ 0.2%
Talc:D50 5 – 15 µm · LOI 5 – 8% (ASTM D605)
Kaolin:≥ 90% kaolinite (ISO 3262-8) · calcined brightness > 90
Barytes:Up to 98% BaSO₄ · India Grade A/B now DGFT-restricted (2026)
Standards:ISO 3262-2/-5/-6/-8/-10/-11
Xylene / TolueneIncoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Mixed Xylene & Toluene (Coatings Solvents)

Aromatic thinners for alkyd, epoxy and PU systems. Mixed xylene is the four C₈H₁₀ isomers with ethylbenzene, specified to ASTM D843 (non-aromatics, acid-wash colour, copper corrosion, distillation range); toluene to ASTM D841. Toluene is a UN 1988 Table II precursor, so pre-export notification applies on the destination's list.

Xylene Standard:ASTM D843 (UN 1307, Class 3)
Toluene Purity:≥ 98.8% wt (ASTM D841; UN 1294, Class 3)
Precursor Status:Toluene – UN 1988 Table II (PEN per destination)
Carriage:MARPOL Annex II / IBC Code chemical tanker or ISO tank
Other Solvents:See industrial-solvents hub (MEK, IPA, acetates, butanol)
Plasticisers / GlycolsIncoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Plasticisers & Glycols (DOP/DOTP, DINP, MEG, PG)

Plasticisers flex vinyl and PVC-based coatings and sealants; ethylene and propylene glycol are the antifreeze and open-time additives in latex paints and, with coalescents, the main VOC contributors in a waterborne formulation. MEG is on the petrochemicals hub, DEG and PG on the plasticisers-glycols hub.

Plasticisers:DOP, DOTP, DINP, DIDP – see spokes
Glycols:MEG (petrochemicals hub), DEG, PG (plasticisers-glycols hub)
Role in Latex Paint:Antifreeze / open-time additive; VOC contributor
Pack:ISO tank, flexitank, IBC, 200 L drum
Documents:Producer COA; SDS; UN class where applicable
Binders / ResinsIncoterms: FOB, CFR, CIF

Binders: Acrylic & VAE Emulsions, Epoxy Resins

Pure and styrene acrylics and vinyl-acetate ethylene (VAE) emulsions for decorative paint, and liquid bisphenol-A epoxy for primers, floor and protective coatings. Standard liquid epoxy runs EEW 182–192 g/eq at 8,000–13,000 mPa·s (25°C); epoxy has no page yet and is quoted on request.

Acrylic / VAE Emulsions:See specialty-resins spokes
Liquid Epoxy EEW:182 – 192 g/eq
Liquid Epoxy Viscosity:8,000 – 13,000 mPa·s at 25°C
Hydrocarbon Resins:C5/C9 – see spoke
Pack:IBC, 200 L drum, flexitank (emulsions)
LaycanDesk Integration

Ocean Chartering & Laycan Programme

Plant downtime and demurrage at loading/discharge terminals can rapidly exceed commodity trading margins. LaycanDesk synchronizes vessel size matching, Notice of Readiness (NOR) tenders, and continuous laytime tracking.

Vessel ClassesContainer liner (20-ft dry for bagged pigments and extenders; 40-ft for drums and IBCs) · ISO tank containers (xylene, toluene, glycols, emulsions) · Chemical parcel tankers (IMO 2/3, coated or stainless, for solvent and glycol parcels) · Geared Handysize (breakbulk big-bag mineral lots)
Standard Charterparty FormsLiner bill of lading (containerised pigments, extenders, resins) · ASBATANKVOY / BIMCHEMVOY 2008 (solvent and glycol parcels) · GENCON 94 (breakbulk mineral lots)
Loading BenchmarkPer liner schedule (containers); per terminal pumping rate and charterparty (parcels)
Discharge BenchmarkPer liner schedule (containers); per receiving tank farm and charterparty (parcels)
Laycan SpreadLiner cut-off windows for boxes; 5 to 7 day laycan for parcel-tanker lots
Demurrage BenchmarkContainer detention per liner tariff; parcel-tanker demurrage per fixture

COA & Maritime Execution Rules

1
Containerised Pigments: Dry Boxes and Moisture Control

TiO₂, iron oxides and extenders travel palletised in 25 kg bags or big bags in 20-ft dry containers. Clean, dry, odour-free boxes with intact seals; desiccant and kraft liners on long tropical transits to protect brightness and flow.

2
Solvent Parcels: IBC Code and Tank Compatibility

Xylene and toluene are Class 3 flammables under the IMDG Code (UN 1307, UN 1294) and carried in bulk under MARPOL Annex II / IBC Code chemical tankers. LaycanDesk matches tank coating, previous cargo and nitrogen padding to the grade before nomination.

3
Grade Certificates at Load

Each pigment lot ships with the producer's certificate of analysis against the named standard (ASTM D476, D561, ISO 1248, ISO 3262); SGS, Intertek or Bureau Veritas sampling at load where the buyer specifies it.

4
Trade Measures on Pigments and Minerals

EU anti-dumping duties of €0.25 to €0.74/kg apply to Chinese TiO₂ since 11 January 2025 with an anti-absorption investigation reopened on 25 August 2026; India moved Grade A and B baryte to DGFT licensing in 2026 while CDW grade stays free. The CJEU upheld the annulment of TiO₂'s EU inhalation-carcinogen classification on 1 August 2025.

Primary Load Ports
  • • Shanghai, Ningbo & Qingdao (China – TiO₂, iron oxides, barytes, carbon black)
  • • Mundra, Kandla & Nhava Sheva (India – carbon black, talc, GCC, iron oxides)
  • • Antwerp & Rotterdam (Europe – TiO₂, emulsions, epoxy, solvents)
  • • Houston & New Orleans (US Gulf – TiO₂, glycols, solvents)
  • • Ulsan & Yeosu (South Korea – xylene, toluene, resins)
  • • Port Klang & Singapore (Southeast Asia – emulsions, glycols, kaolin)
Key Discharge Regions
  • • West & East Africa (Lagos, Tema, Abidjan, Mombasa, Dar es Salaam)
  • • North Africa & Eastern Mediterranean (Alexandria, Casablanca, Mersin, Izmir)
  • • South Asia (Karachi, Chittagong, Colombo, Nhava Sheva)
  • • Southeast Asia (Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, Manila)
  • • Latin America (Santos, Cartagena, Callao, Veracruz)
Procurement & Maritime Governance

Frequently Asked Questions

Can CBIL supply the whole grind and let-down basket for a paint plant?

Yes. We quote the TiO₂, carbon black and iron oxide pigments, the calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin and barytes extenders, the xylene and toluene thinners, glycols and plasticisers, and the acrylic, VAE or epoxy binders as separate lines against one delivery calendar, so the box, ISO-tank and parcel-tanker legs land together.

Which TiO₂ type should a decorative paint plant specify?

ASTM D476 Type II rutile (≥ 92% TiO₂) for low-to-medium PVC exterior and trim paints; Types III and IV (≥ 80% TiO₂, heavier surface treatment) for high-PVC flat interiors; anatase Type I where cost matters more than chalk resistance. The producer's TDS states oil absorption, brightness and tint strength.

How are solvents and glycols shipped?

Small volumes in 20 – 24 MT ISO tanks on liner services; plant-scale volumes as 1,000 – 5,000 MT parcels on IMO 2/3 chemical tankers fixed by LaycanDesk under ASBATANKVOY or BIMCHEMVOY 2008 terms. Toluene is a UN 1988 Table II precursor and carries pre-export notification where the destination requires it.

What are the payment and document terms?

Irrevocable letter of credit at sight or confirmed terms as agreed, against clean on-board bills of lading, producer's certificate of analysis, certificate of origin, packing list and SDS; independent inspection certificate where specified.

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