Foundry & Casting Raw Materials Hub
Foundry pig iron, coke, ferroalloys, moulding sands, bentonite, graphite, refractories & scrap for iron and steel foundries
A foundry buys two baskets at once: a metallic charge for the cupola or induction furnace (pig iron, returns, steel and cast iron scrap, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese or silicomanganese, carbon raiser) and a moulding basket for the sand plant (silica sand, sodium bentonite, coal dust or graphite, chromite and zircon facing sands, resin binders for cores). The charge is bought on silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur, because a grey iron melt tolerates what a ductile iron melt does not — nodular pig iron and nodularisers are specified on trace elements and sulphur below 0.02%. The sand plant is bought on grain fineness, clay content and refractoriness, and on the swelling clay's methylene-blue value and wet tensile strength. Both baskets arrive in small, repeated lots — a mid-sized foundry melting 20,000–50,000 MT of castings a year takes pig iron by the Handysize part-cargo and everything else by the container or jumbo bag — which is why foundries buy through one desk rather than a dozen.
CBIL is a commodity brokerage company and brokers each of these inputs against the certificates a foundry's metallurgist reads: SGS, Bureau Veritas or Intertek analyses of Si, Mn, P, S and trace elements on pig iron; ash, sulphur and CSR on coke; Si, Al and Ca on ferrosilicon; AFS grain fineness, clay and acid demand on sand; MB value and gel on bentonite. Every product in this basket has its own page on this site, each with its own trade figures and specifications, and the links below go to them. Because CBIL also runs a chartering desk (LaycanDesk), the pig iron and coke parcels are fixed on geared Handysize or coaster tonnage with the ferrosilicon declared under its IMSBC schedule, and the bagged minerals are booked on container liner terms to the same discharge port, so a foundry's landed cost per tonne of good casting is quoted on one sheet.
Procurement & Freight Structure
Dual-loop execution: physical commodity brokerage + ocean charterparty.
One desk covers a foundry's bulk metallics on chartered tonnage and its bagged sands, clays and alloys on liner terms, aligning part-cargo pig iron and coke laycans with the container arrivals the sand plant and core shop run on.
Procured Feedstocks & Maritime Profiles
Each raw material is contracted on chemical purity, physical particle sizing, and mandatory IMO/IMSBC code stowage factors to prevent liquefaction or contamination.
| Feedstock | Grade & Purity Spec | Form / Carriage | IMSBC Code | Stowage Factor | Typical Parcel | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foundry & Nodular Pig IronFe (Si 1.5–3.5%) | Foundry grade Si 1.5–3.5% · Nodular grade S ≤ 0.02%, P ≤ 0.05%, Mn ≤ 0.10% | Cast ingots / pigs (5–10 kg), loose bulk or bundled | Group C | 11 – 14 cu.ft/MT (0.31 – 0.40 m³/t) | 3,000 – 20,000 MT (coaster / Handysize part-cargo) | Spec →Ship → |
| Foundry Coke (Cupola Grade)C | Fixed carbon ≥ 86% · Ash ≤ 10–12% · S ≤ 0.7% · Size 80–150 mm | Large screened lump coke (80–150 mm / 90–200 mm for cupolas) | Group B | 65 – 80 cu.ft/MT (1.84 – 2.27 m³/t) | 3,000 – 15,000 MT bulk or 1 MT jumbo bags in containers | Spec →Ship → |
| Ferrosilicon, Silicomanganese & Ferromanganese | FeSi 75% Si · SiMn 65/16 · HC FeMn 75% Mn | Lump 10–50 mm / 10–100 mm in 1 MT jumbo bags; crushed 3–10 mm for ladle additions | Group B | 20 – 28 cu.ft/MT (0.57 – 0.79 m³/t) | 20 – 500 MT containerised; 2,000 – 10,000 MT bulk or breakbulk | Spec →Ship → |
| Foundry Silica SandSiO₂ | SiO₂ ≥ 98% – 99.5% · AFS GFN 45–70 · Clay ≤ 0.5% | Washed, dried, screened sub-angular to rounded grain; bulk or 1–1.5 MT jumbo bags | Group C | 22 – 26 cu.ft/MT (0.62 – 0.74 m³/t) | 5,000 – 30,000 MT bulk (Handysize) or 25 – 500 MT containerised | Spec →Ship → |
| Foundry Sodium Bentonite | Montmorillonite ≥ 80% · MB value ≥ 300 mg/g · Wet tensile ≥ 0.20 N/cm² | Activated or natural sodium bentonite powder (−75 µm), 25 kg bags / 1 MT jumbo bags | Group C | 30 – 40 cu.ft/MT (0.85 – 1.13 m³/t) | 25 – 1,000 MT containerised; 5,000 – 15,000 MT bulk for large sand plants | Spec →Ship → |
| Chromite Foundry SandFeCr₂O₄ | Cr₂O₃ ≥ 44% – 46% · SiO₂ ≤ 1.0% · AFS 40–50 | Dried, screened foundry-grade chromite sand in 1–1.5 MT jumbo bags | Group C | 14 – 17 cu.ft/MT (0.40 – 0.48 m³/t) | 25 – 500 MT containerised; up to 5,000 MT breakbulk | Spec →Ship → |
| Zircon Sand & FlourZrSiO₄ | ZrO₂ + HfO₂ ≥ 65% – 66% · TiO₂ ≤ 0.15% · Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.10% | Premium-grade sand (AFS 100–140) or milled flour (−45 µm) in 1 MT jumbo bags / 25 kg bags | Group C | 13 – 15 cu.ft/MT (0.37 – 0.42 m³/t) | 20 – 300 MT containerised | Spec →Ship → |
| Natural Flake Graphite & Carbon RaiserC | Fixed carbon 85% – 97% · Sizing +80 mesh to −200 mesh | Flake or amorphous graphite powder in 25 kg bags / 1 MT jumbo bags | Group C | 35 – 45 cu.ft/MT (bagged) (0.99 – 1.27 m³/t) | 20 – 200 MT containerised | Spec →Ship → |
| Refractory Raw Materials (Calcined Bauxite, Fused Alumina, DBM) | Calcined bauxite 85% – 90% Al₂O₃ · BFA ≥ 95% Al₂O₃ · DBM ≥ 90% – 97% MgO | Graded grain 0–1, 1–3, 3–5 mm and fines in 1 MT jumbo bags | Group C | 18 – 26 cu.ft/MT (bagged) (0.51 – 0.74 m³/t) | 20 – 500 MT containerised | Spec →Ship → |
| Steel & Cast Iron Melting Scrap | ISRI 200–206 HMS · ISRI 252–263 cast iron grades · low residuals (Cu, Sn, Cr) | Sheared HMS 1&2, busheling, cast iron borings and breakage, sized for charge buckets | Group C | 45 – 55 cu.ft/MT (HMS) · 25 – 35 cu.ft/MT (cast breakage) (1.27 – 1.56 m³/t (HMS)) | 3,000 – 12,000 MT (coaster / Handysize part-cargo) or 20 – 25 MT per container | Spec →Ship → |
Foundry & Nodular Pig Iron
High-silicon foundry pig iron for grey iron cupola and induction charges and low-manganese, low-sulphur nodular pig iron for ductile iron, from Brazilian charcoal and coke furnaces and Indian merchant producers. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations under HS 7201.10 (non-alloy pig iron, ≤ 0.5% P) total about USD 3.06 billion across 58 reporters, led by Brazil at USD 1.65 billion, with India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, the Netherlands and Germany among the larger declared exporters.
Foundry Coke (Cupola Grade)
Oversize, low-reactivity coke for cupola melting, where lump size and mechanical strength decide the melt rate and coke ratio. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations under HS 2704 total about USD 9.6 billion and 33 million MT across 63 reporters: Poland USD 2.1 billion (5.9 million MT), China USD 1.9 billion (8.3 million MT), Indonesia USD 1.5 billion (5.6 million MT), Colombia USD 1.1 billion (4.0 million MT), the USA, Japan and Germany behind them; foundry-size lump is a premium cut of that trade.
Ferrosilicon, Silicomanganese & Ferromanganese
Silicon and manganese additions to bring a cupola or induction melt onto grade; ferromanganese has its own page under the same family. Ferrosilicon ships as UN 1408 under its IMSBC schedule because wet FeSi evolves gas. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations under HS 7202.21 (FeSi > 55% Si) total about USD 2.4 billion and 1.65 million MT across 61 reporters: China 405,000 MT, Malaysia 232,000 MT, Brazil 179,000 MT, Norway 164,000 MT, Kazakhstan 121,000 MT, Iceland 104,000 MT and Poland 87,000 MT; under HS 7202.11 (HC ferromanganese) India holds 48.2% and Malaysia 28.9% of about USD 1.08 billion.
Foundry Silica Sand
Green-sand and core-sand base with controlled grain fineness, acid demand and low fines for permeability and surface finish. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations put HS 2505.10 at about USD 1.60 billion, led by the USA at 55.1% (7.67 million MT), Belgium 5.4%, Germany 5.1%, the Netherlands 3.6%, Saudi Arabia 3.4%, Indonesia 3.3% and Malaysia 3.2%. Sea-sand export bans in Malaysia (since 2019) and Indonesia (March 2026 regulation) apply to marine sand, not to quarried silica sand shipped with a permit.
Foundry Sodium Bentonite
Swelling clay binder for green-sand moulding, graded on methylene-blue value, wet tensile strength, gel and durability under thermal cycling; typically blended with coal dust or graphite for peel and finish. Turkish, Indian, Greek and US Wyoming-type origins are covered on the bentonite page.
Chromite Foundry Sand
High-chill, low-expansion facing sand for heavy steel and manganese-steel castings, cut from South African UG2 and other chromite concentrates and dried and screened to foundry sizing. South Africa declared 23.79 million MT of HS 2610 exports in 2025 at an average USD 220/MT (UN Comtrade), the source of most foundry-grade chromite; Zimbabwe's raw chrome ore export ban is noted on the chrome ore page.
Zircon Sand & Flour
Highest-refractoriness moulding and core sand and the base of investment-casting slurries and mould washes. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations put HS 2615.10 at about USD 1.40 billion, led by South Africa (43.5%), Indonesia (10.1%), Senegal (9.1%), Australia (7.9%) and Mozambique (7.3%); China is the reference market for price.
Natural Flake Graphite & Carbon Raiser
Green-sand additive for mould peel and finish, crucible and refractory carbon, and a carbon raiser for induction melts. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations under HS 2504.10 total USD 389 million and about 335,000 MT across 68 reporters: China USD 179 million (126,300 MT), Madagascar USD 36 million (83,000 MT), Germany USD 30 million, Brazil USD 21 million (11,100 MT) and Mozambique USD 12 million (35,300 MT). Chinese natural flake graphite has needed a MOFCOM dual-use export licence with an end-user certificate since 1 December 2023; Madagascan, Mozambican and Brazilian flake ship without it.
Refractory Raw Materials (Calcined Bauxite, Fused Alumina, DBM)
Grain for cupola and induction furnace linings, ladle refractories and ramming masses. UN Comtrade 2024 export declarations under HS 2818.10 (artificial corundum, including fused alumina) total about USD 1.17 billion, with China at 60.9%, Germany 6.9%, France 4.9% and the USA 3.1%. China's 2026 export licence catalogue, effective 1 January 2026, lists bauxite and magnesite among goods needing an export licence, so Chinese grain ships only with a licence issued at origin.
Steel & Cast Iron Melting Scrap
Low-residual steel scrap and cast iron scrap for induction and cupola charges; cast iron scrap has its own page in the metal scrap family. Radiation checked at load, non-metallics excluded, and the melt-country and grade declared on the pre-shipment inspection certificate. Scrap-metal export bans in several African jurisdictions are noted on the scrap pages and checked per origin.
Ocean Chartering & Laycan Programme
Plant downtime and demurrage at loading/discharge terminals can rapidly exceed commodity trading margins. LaycanDesk synchronizes vessel size matching, Notice of Readiness (NOR) tenders, and continuous laytime tracking.
COA & Maritime Execution Rules
Ferrosilicon IMSBC Schedule (UN 1408)
Ferrosilicon in bulk is a Group B cargo that can evolve gas in contact with moisture. LaycanDesk requires the shipper's IMSBC declaration, dry holds, mechanical ventilation and gas monitoring; containerised alloy is stuffed dry with the IMDG declaration.
Coke Stowage and Breakage
Foundry coke stows at 65–80 cu.ft/MT, so a Handysize cubes out long before it reaches deadweight. Large lump is loaded by conveyor or grab with drop-height limits to protect the 80–150 mm size fraction that cupola melting depends on.
Pig Iron Tank-Top Loading
Loose pig iron is dense (0.31–0.40 m³/t) and is loaded in layers with controlled drop heights and trimmed to spread point loads; tank-top strength and trim are checked against the stowage plan before the vessel is fixed.
Bagged Minerals on Liner Terms
Bentonite, zircon, chromite sand, graphite and refractory grain move in 1 MT jumbo bags in 20' containers on weekly liner sailings, booked to arrive with the bulk part-cargo so the sand plant and melt shop restock together.
- • Vitória, Itaguaí & São Luís (Brazil – foundry and nodular pig iron)
- • Haldia, Paradip & Visakhapatnam (India – pig iron, ferroalloys)
- • Gdańsk & Świnoujście (Poland – foundry coke)
- • Cilacap & Banten (Indonesia – merchant coke)
- • Richards Bay & Durban (South Africa – chromite sand, zircon, ferroalloys)
- • Izmir & Mersin (Turkiye – bentonite, feldspar, chrome)
- • Toamasina (Madagascar) & Nacala (Mozambique) – flake graphite
- • Turkiye, Egypt & the Eastern Mediterranean foundry clusters (Iskenderun, Alexandria, Konya via Mersin)
- • South Asia (Karachi, Mundra, Chittagong – pump, pipe and auto-part foundries)
- • Southeast Asia (Ho Chi Minh, Jakarta, Bangkok/Laem Chabang)
- • Northern & Southern Europe (Rotterdam, Antwerp, Bilbao, Genoa, Koper)
- • Mexico & the US Gulf (Altamira, Veracruz, Houston)
Frequently Asked Questions
Does CBIL supply nodularisers, inoculants and resin binders as well?
Ferrosilicon-magnesium nodularisers, barium and strontium inoculants and furan or phenolic-urethane core binders are worked by enquiry against the producer's own certificate; they do not yet have their own pages on this site. Send the grade and the monthly tonnage with the rest of your basket.
How is a foundry pig iron lot certified?
SGS, Bureau Veritas or Intertek draw and analyse composite samples at load for Si, Mn, P, S and, on nodular grade, the trace elements (Cr, Ti, V, Cu, Sn, Pb) the ductile iron specification limits. The certificate travels with the bill of lading and certificate of origin.
Can small foundries buy less than a vessel lot?
Yes. Pig iron and coke are worked as coaster or Handysize part-cargoes from 3,000 MT, and all the bagged inputs from a single 20' container. Where several foundries in one port take the same origin, the part-cargoes are combined on one fixture.
Which inputs carry export licences or controls?
Chinese natural flake graphite needs a MOFCOM dual-use export licence with an end-user certificate; Chinese bauxite and magnesite grain are on China's 2026 export licence catalogue; Zimbabwe bans raw chrome ore exports; several African countries restrict ferrous scrap exports. Each is checked at origin before an offer is made.
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